The Complete 2026 Farm Bill Summary
The complete plain-English summary of the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026 (H.R. 7567). All 12 titles, the funding map, what changed, what didn't make it. The most thorough public reference for the 2026 farm bill.
Bottom line, up front
On April 30, 2026, the U.S. House of Representatives passed the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026 (H.R. 7567) by a vote of 224–200. The bill, commonly called "Farm Bill 2.0", reauthorizes major USDA agricultural and nutrition programs through fiscal year 2031.
It's been eight years since the last full farm bill (the 2018 Agriculture Improvement Act), which was extended three times because Congress couldn't pass a replacement. The 2026 farm bill ends that drift, but it's a more limited rewrite than past farm bills because much of the heavy commodity, nutrition, and crop insurance policy was already locked in by H.R. 1, the 2025 budget reconciliation law.
The bill now goes to the Senate, where its fate is genuinely uncertain.
The numbers that matter
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Total spending over 5 years | ~$390 billion |
| 10-year baseline (FY2027–2036) | $1.374 trillion |
| New mandatory spending | $162 million (FY2026–2031) |
| New discretionary authorizations | $22 billion (FY2027–2031) |
| House vote | 224–200 (14 Dems yes, 3 GOP no, 6 not voting) |
| Reauthorized through | September 30, 2031 |
How the spending breaks down by title
The top four titles account for 99% of farm bill baseline spending:
| Title | 10-year baseline |
|---|---|
| IV, Nutrition (SNAP) | $985.4B |
| XI, Crop Insurance | $155.5B |
| I, Commodities | $142.6B |
| II, Conservation | $73.0B |
| Top 4 subtotal | $1,356.5B (99%) |
| Other 8 titles | $17.1B |
Nutrition (SNAP) alone is 70% of the bill. This is normal for farm bills, and it's why every farm bill becomes a fight over food assistance.
What this bill does, title by title
Title I, Commodities $143B baseline
Most major commodity policy was already locked in by H.R. 1 in 2025. Title I makes targeted changes: Tree Assistance Program expansion, new specialty crop emergency framework, dairy reforms, propane storage loans, restoration of tobacco as a CCC commodity. Net mandatory spending impact: $5M over 6 years.
Title II, Conservation $73B baseline
The most-changed title. EQIP loses $786M, redistributed across other conservation programs. Brand-new Forest Conservation Easement Program (FCEP) replaces the Healthy Forests Reserve Program. Precision agriculture gets baked into EQIP, CSP, and ACEP. ACEP exempted from AGI limits. Net mandatory spending impact: budget neutral.
Title III, Trade $8.3B baseline
Food for Peace moves from USAID to USDA, with at least 50% of funds required for U.S. commodities and U.S.-flagged ocean transport. Market Access Program funding doubles to $400M+ annually. New "common name" protections for U.S. agricultural products in foreign markets (the Parmesan provision).
Title IV, Nutrition / SNAP $985B baseline
Reauthorized through 2031. Keeps the $187 billion in SNAP cuts that H.R. 1 made in 2025. New: hot rotisserie chicken eligible nationwide (passed 384–35). State authority to outsource SNAP certification. New local food purchasing grants for food banks. Most Democratic opposition centered here.
Title V, Credit $1.2B authorization
Higher USDA farm loan limits. New heirs' property relending program. Beginning farmer pilot expanded. Streamlined applications. $1.2B in authorized appropriations through 2031.
Title VI, Rural Development $4.7B authorization
REAP eligibility expanded to ag co-ops under 2,500 employees, biggest single rural energy unlock in years. Satellite broadband eligibility added. Rural mental health, substance abuse, maternal health prioritized. Small meat processor compliance grants. Veterans farming grants expanded.
Title VII, Research $8.4B authorization
1890 land-grant funding for HBCUs increased with state matching certification required. NASS Modernization Commission established. FRSAN (farm and ranch stress assistance) expanded to include crisis hotlines. Veterinary workforce programs expanded.
Title VIII, Forestry $4.2B authorization
Expanded NEPA categorical exclusions for hazardous fuels, fuel breaks, hazard tree removal in transmission rights-of-way. Faster forest plan timelines. ESA consultation provisions for Forest Service and BLM land use plans. HFRP repealed (functions move to FCEP in Title II).
Title IX, Energy $715M authorization
Biobased Markets Program extended with $18M increase. Biorefinery Assistance Program funding rescinded by $18M. New restrictions on solar projects on farmland. Year-round E15 NOT in the bill, separate vote promised.
Title X, Horticulture $2.4B baseline + $495M authorization
Specialty crop research $30M, automation $20M. Organic agriculture cost-share raised to $200K. Hemp regulatory burden reduced (no THC product fix). Reports that a floor amendment "stripped" pesticide preemption are unverified, we have not located a Clerk roll call confirming one; the 280–142 floor vote (Roll Call 148) struck Section 12006 on livestock-derived products, not pesticide labeling.
Title XI, Crop Insurance $156B baseline
Veteran farmer definition expanded, premium subsidies increased. Quality loss adjustment review mandated. Risk insurance pilots tied to specific practices continued. Most major commodity crop insurance policy locked in by H.R. 1.
Title XII, Miscellaneous $2.2B baseline + $219M authorization
Federal preemption of state animal welfare standards (Proposition 12). Animal disease traceability provisions. Cattle Fever Tick Eradication evaluation. Foreign agricultural land ownership reporting. Agricultural cybersecurity funding.
How it passed: the political picture
The vote: 224–200. Republicans needed nearly all of their conference because they had only 14 Democratic votes.
The 14 Democrats who voted yes (per House Clerk Roll Call 154):
Bishop (GA), Costa (CA), Cuellar (TX), Davids (KS), Davis (NC), Gonzalez, V. (TX), Gray (CA), Kaptur (OH), McDonald Rivet (MI), Perez (WA), Riley (NY), Schrier (WA), Soto (FL), and Vasquez (NM). One independent, Kiley (CA), also voted yes.
The 3 Republicans who voted no: Fitzpatrick (PA), Garbarino (NY), and Hageman (WY).
The path to passage required:
- A leadership pledge for a separate vote on year-round E15 (corn/ethanol Republicans)
- Keeping the Title XII Prop 12 preemption language (pork producers + most Republicans)
- Adding the hot rotisserie chicken amendment (broad bipartisan win)
What didn't make it in
Floor amendments that were rejected:
- Restoring the $187B SNAP cuts from H.R. 1 (Democratic priority)
- Reimbursing producers for tariff-related cost increases (Democratic)
- Repealing the APHIS electronic ID tag mandate for cattle (Hageman R-WY)
- Adding the Farm Workforce Modernization Act / H-2A reform (Lofgren D-CA)
- Restoring Forest Service wildfire response staffing requirements (Pettersen D-CO)
- Year-round E15 ethanol provisions (got a separate vote pledge)
Floor amendments adopted with a recorded roll call:
- Striking Section 12006 on livestock-derived products in interstate commerce (Luna R-FL, Part B Amendment No. 28, Roll Call 148, agreed to 280–142)
- Hot rotisserie chicken under SNAP (Crawford R-AR, Part B Amendment No. 8, Roll Call 145, agreed to 384–35)
- Additional technical and conforming amendments were handled by voice or en bloc and do not have individual recorded tallies
What happens next
The Senate has not marked up its farm bill yet. Senate Agriculture Chair John Boozman (R-AR) and Ranking Member Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) have signaled willingness to move, but the path is uncertain because:
- Slim Senate margins, neither party has the votes to pass a unilateral bill
- SNAP fight reopens, Senate Democrats will push to delay or reverse H.R. 1 cuts
- E15 unresolved, Iowa, Nebraska Republicans won't sign without it
- Prop 12 litigation pressure, California will sue if Title XII passes
- 2026 midterm calendar, every floor vote is a campaign event
If a bill clears both chambers, it goes to a conference committee to reconcile differences. Then back to both chambers. Then to the President.
Realistic timeline: Senate markup in late summer 2026. Conference committee in fall. Final passage possible by year-end, more likely early 2027. Or another extension.
Sources
This summary draws from:
- H.R. 7567 on Congress.gov
- Congressional Budget Office Score
- CRS Report R48918, The 2026 Farm Bill: Comparison with Current Law
- House Agriculture Committee Section-by-Section
- House Rules Committee Print 119-22
Last verified: May 1, 2026.