Farm Bill 2026, answered

The Farm Bill 2026 is shorthand for the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026 (H.R. 7567). It's a comprehensive five-year reauthorization of U.S. agriculture, nutrition, conservation, and rural development programs. The U.S. House passed it on April 30, 2026, by a vote of 224 to 200. The Senate has not yet acted on it.

The U.S. House of Representatives passed the Farm Bill 2026 on April 30, 2026, by a 224-200 vote. The Senate has not yet considered the bill. The bill cannot become law until the Senate passes it (likely with amendments), differences are reconciled in conference, and the President signs it.

Per the House Clerk's Roll Call 154, the final tally was 224 yes to 200 no, with 6 not voting. The yes votes were 209 Republicans, 14 Democrats, and 1 independent. The 14 Democrats who voted yes: Bishop (GA), Costa (CA), Cuellar (TX), Davids (KS), Davis (NC), Gonzalez, V. (TX), Gray (CA), Kaptur (OH), McDonald Rivet (MI), Perez (WA), Riley (NY), Schrier (WA), Soto (FL), and Vasquez (NM). The 3 Republicans who voted no: Fitzpatrick (PA), Garbarino (NY), and Hageman (WY). See our Vote Tracker, which reproduces the official roll call.

Likely, but with significant changes. The Senate Agriculture Committee under Chair Boozman (R-AR) and Ranking Member Klobuchar (D-MN) will mark up its own version, expected in late summer or fall 2026. Major Senate fights are likely on SNAP cost-shifts, Proposition 12 federal preemption, NEPA categorical exclusions, and possibly the addition of year-round E15. A conference committee would then reconcile differences.

The Farm Bill 2026 itself does not cut SNAP further, but it keeps in place the $187 billion in SNAP cuts that were enacted by H.R. 1 (the 2025 budget reconciliation law). Multiple Democratic amendments to reverse those cuts during House consideration did not pass. The combined effect is that SNAP remains under the H.R. 1 cuts.

Major provisions for farmers include: REAP eligibility expanded to ag cooperatives under 2,500 employees; ACEP federal share raised to 65% (90% for socially disadvantaged farmers); EQIP precision agriculture cost-share at 90%; Dairy Forward Pricing made permanent; Heirs' Property Relending Program created; veteran farmer crop insurance subsidies expanded; and the Forest Conservation Easement Program created. Most major commodity policy was locked in by H.R. 1.

Veterans benefit from coordinated provisions across multiple titles: Title XI expands the veteran farmer definition and increases crop insurance premium subsidies; Title VI provides Veterans Farming Grants for training, equipment, and mechanization; Title V supports veteran access to farm loans through the beginning farmer pilot. See our Veteran Farmers Guide for details.

Not yet, the bill is not law. If H.R. 7567 is enacted in its House-passed form, it would make hot rotisserie chicken eligible for SNAP purchase nationwide. The Crawford (R-AR) amendment was agreed to 384-35 (Clerk Roll Call 145), one of the most lopsided votes during House consideration. As written, the change would cover hot rotisserie chicken specifically; other hot prepared foods would remain SNAP-ineligible.

REAP (Rural Energy for America Program) provides grants and loan guarantees for renewable energy and energy efficiency projects on farms and rural businesses. The Farm Bill 2026 expands REAP eligibility to agricultural cooperatives with fewer than 2,500 employees, a major change that opens the program to grain elevators, dairy co-ops, irrigation districts, and other co-op infrastructure for the first time.

The FCEP is a brand-new program created by the Farm Bill 2.0 that replaces the Healthy Forests Reserve Program. It funds two types of forest easements: forest land easements (working forest land) and forest reserve easements (habitat protection). Federal share is 50% standard, 75% for socially disadvantaged forest landowners, and up to 100% for permanent reserve easements. Funded at $25M (FY27) growing to $65M (FY31).

EQIP loses $786 million in mandatory funding over 10 years, redistributed to FCEP, ACEP, RCPP, the State Soil Health Program, and other programs. EQIP gains: precision agriculture cost-share at 90%, a new southern border initiative, expanded wildlife habitat connectivity priority, restored $450,000 aggregate payment limit, and the organic conservation cost-share cap raised from $140K to $200K.

A new program created by the Farm Bill 2.0 that addresses the heirs' property crisis affecting many Black agricultural communities and tribal lands. USDA provides funds to intermediary lenders, who then make loans to heirs to consolidate ownership, clear title, or buy out other co-tenants. This unlocks USDA loan eligibility (which requires clear title) and helps prevent forced partition sales. Championed by Sen. Warnock (D-GA) and Sen. Tillis (R-NC).

We can no longer confirm a specific claim that a floor amendment 'stripped' pesticide preemption. The House Rules Committee record ties Rep. Luna's Part B Amendment No. 28 (agreed to 280-142, Clerk Roll Call 148) to striking section 12006, concerning the free movement of livestock-derived products in interstate commerce, not pesticide labeling or manufacturer tort liability. We previously described that vote as a pesticide-preemption strip; that was not supported by the primary source and has been corrected. To understand how the House-passed bill treats pesticide labeling, read the bill text and the Rules Committee print directly rather than relying on a single floor-vote summary.

As passed by the House, H.R. 7567 would federally preempt state and local restrictions on livestock production standards for animals not physically raised in that jurisdiction. If enacted, that would effectively preempt California's Proposition 12 and similar laws in Massachusetts and other states, generally seen as a win for pork producers. California would be expected to sue, and the resulting litigation could last years and reach the Supreme Court. None of this is in effect unless and until the bill becomes law.

A floor amendment by Rep. Harriet Hageman (R-WY) to repeal APHIS's 2024 cattle electronic identification (EID) mandate did not pass. The mandate continues, but the Farm Bill 2.0 requires USDA to study alternative traceability methods and report on the program. Senate Republicans from cattle states may attempt repeal again.

No. The Farm Bill 2.0 does not address the federal recriminalization of hemp-derived THC products that previous farm bill extension language put in motion. Industrial hemp gets streamlined background checks and modified THC testing protocols, but derivative cannabinoid products (delta-8, delta-10, HHC, etc.) face federal recriminalization later in 2026 without further congressional action.

No. Year-round E15 was not included in the Farm Bill 2.0. Republican leadership promised a separate standalone vote on E15 in May 2026. If that vote fails, expect aggressive efforts to reopen Title IX in the Senate.

Compared with the 2018 Farm Bill, the House-passed H.R. 7567 would (if enacted): leave most commodity and SNAP policy locked in by H.R. 1 (2025 reconciliation) rather than the farm bill; create the Forest Conservation Easement Program to replace HFRP; exempt ACEP from the AGI limit; reduce EQIP by $786M; roughly double trade promotion (MAP, FMD, TASC); add common name protection; and transfer Food for Peace from USAID to USDA. Because the bill is not law, these are proposed changes, not changes in effect.

The widely-quoted '$390 billion over 5 years' figure is a media headline framing, not the official CBO score. CBO's score for H.R. 7567 (publication 62376) estimates roughly $162 million in increased direct spending and about $22.4 billion in specified authorizations over 2026-2031 (about $15.8 billion in estimated outlays). Separately, the underlying 10-year farm bill baseline (FY2027-2036) is about $1.37 trillion, of which Title IV (Nutrition/SNAP) is by far the largest, followed by Title XI (Crop Insurance) and Title I (Commodities). See our Funding Breakdown for the full picture.

It hasn't taken effect yet. The bill must pass the Senate (with likely amendments), the differences must be reconciled in conference committee, and the President must sign it. If signed in late 2026 or 2027, most provisions become effective for the 2027 crop year, though some provisions phase in over multiple years.

The administration has signaled support for the broad framework while noting concerns about specific provisions, including aspects of pesticide policy, Food for Peace, and various spending levels. Because the bill must still pass the Senate (likely with amendments) and go to conference, the version that would reach the President's desk is likely to be substantially modified. White House dynamics could shift before final passage.

Yes, in targeted ways. Veteran farmers receive expanded eligibility and increased premium subsidies. Crop insurance for biennial trees and pest-affected orchards is expanded under TAP. The bill mandates a comprehensive review of quality loss adjustment procedures. Most major commodity coverage levels and subsidies were already set by H.R. 1.

Dairy Forward Pricing is made permanent (was set to sunset 2026); mandatory cost-of-production reporting is required from processors; Dairy Indemnity, Promotion, and Research Programs are reauthorized through 2031; common name protection helps U.S. cheese makers in foreign markets. Dairy Margin Coverage tier updates were addressed in H.R. 1 (2025), not the farm bill.

House Agriculture Committee Chairman Glenn 'GT' Thompson (R-PA) is the primary architect of the House version. The Senate Agriculture Committee is led by Chairman John Boozman (R-AR) with Ranking Member Amy Klobuchar (D-MN). House Ranking Member Angie Craig (D-MN) was the lead Democratic opponent.

H.R. 7567 is the bill number for the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026, the Farm Bill 2.0. It was introduced by Chairman Thompson (R-PA) and passed the House on April 30, 2026.

H.R. 1 (the 2025 budget reconciliation law) addressed major commodity, SNAP, and crop insurance policy through reconciliation procedures, locking in those provisions through 2031. The Farm Bill 2.0 addresses what reconciliation couldn't, primarily discretionary programs, new authorities, and policy provisions that don't fit reconciliation budget rules. To understand current farm policy you have to read both bills together.

Track our Senate Status page for live updates. Key milestones to watch: Senate Agriculture Committee markup (expected late summer/fall 2026), Senate floor consideration, conference committee with the House, and final passage. We send focused email updates when material developments happen.

Major investments include $30 million for specialty crop research and $20 million for specialty crop automation research; Specialty Crop Block Grants reauthorized; TASC (export market access) doubled to $18M annually; a new Specialty Crop Emergency Assistance framework established; and MAP doubled to $400M+. The TAP (Tree Assistance Program) is expanded to cover biennial trees and pest infestations.

The conservation cost-share cap for organic-related practices is raised from $140K (FY2019-FY2026) to $200K (FY2027-FY2031). The Organic Agriculture Research and Extension Initiative (OAREI) is reauthorized. The National Organic Certification Cost-Share Program is reauthorized (covers 75% of certification costs). Enhanced enforcement provisions address fraud in the organic supply chain.

Industrial hemp gets streamlined background check requirements and modified THC testing protocols. Hemp-specific crop insurance provisions are added. However, the bill does NOT address the federal recriminalization of hemp-derived THC products (delta-8, delta-10, etc.) scheduled to take effect later in 2026.

A brand-new program in Title II that creates grants to state and tribal governments to supplement existing soil health programs. Funded at $100 million annually FY2027-FY2031, with 50% federal cost share for state programs and 75% for tribal programs. Grants can be up to $5 million annually per state or tribe.

Yes. The bill transfers all Food for Peace authorities from USAID to USDA effective January 1, 2026, and requires that at least 50% of FFP Title II funds be used to procure U.S. agricultural commodities (with U.S.-flagged ocean transportation). This reverses USAID's gradual shift toward local procurement. Humanitarian organizations opposed the change; U.S. agriculture and shipping industries supported it.

A new initiative under EQIP provides payments to address agricultural land or infrastructure damage near the U.S. southern border. Examples: damage to fencing, water systems, or soil from trespass and interdiction operations. Funding comes from existing EQIP allocation. Producers apply through the standard EQIP process.

Yes, across multiple titles: heirs' property relending available to tribal lands; tribal broadband through Title VI Rural Development; tribal forest reserve easements through FCEP at 100% federal share for permanent easements; expanded 1890 land-grant funding (which serves tribal HBCU partnerships); FRSAN coordination with tribal health systems; and various tribal-specific provisions in animal disease traceability and water programs.

Probably modestly, if at all. Most consumer-facing food prices are driven by macro factors (energy costs, labor, weather) outside farm bill scope. The bill's commodity policy was largely set by H.R. 1 and is designed to keep production stable, not raise prices. Trade promotion increases could marginally raise some commodity prices long-term.

The official bill text for H.R. 7567 is available on Congress.gov. Our Full Bill Summary page provides a comprehensive plain-language overview. The Congressional Research Service report R48918 provides the most detailed nonpartisan analysis.

Yes, the Rural Broadband Access Program is reauthorized through 2031 with explicit eligibility for satellite broadband equipment (Starlink, Project Kuiper, etc.) and required annual reporting on underserved regions. Title VI also continues ReConnect, Distance Learning and Telemedicine, and Community Connect grants.

The Senate is expected to pare back NEPA categorical exclusions in Title VIII; possibly add or modify SNAP cost-shift timing; possibly restore some pesticide preemption; possibly fix the hemp THC product issue; and possibly add year-round E15. Senate Chair Boozman (R-AR) is rice-friendly. Senate is unlikely to rewrite Title I or Title XI substantially.

A new Title III provision that defines 'common name' in U.S. trade law and adds foreign restrictions on common names (like parmesan, feta, asiago) to the definition of unfair trade practices. USDA and USTR must negotiate U.S. rights to use these names abroad. This is a major win for U.S. cheese makers, dairy industry, and other food producers facing EU geographic indication expansion.

No. Cattle reference prices were addressed in H.R. 1 (2025 budget reconciliation), not the 2026 farm bill. Cattle producers should review H.R. 1 for commodity safety net details. The 2026 farm bill addresses cattle through Title XII (Prop 12 preemption) and Title XII (EID mandate review).

Increased minimum funding levels for 1890 land-grant institutions (the historically Black colleges and universities granted land-grant status). For the first time, state governors must annually certify their ability to meet matching fund requirements, addressing chronic state underfunding that has cost 1890 institutions billions of dollars over decades.