House vs Senate Farm Bill 2026: Full Comparison
Full comparison of the House-passed Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026 (H.R. 7567) and the Senate's Agricultural Act of 2026 discussion draft. Where they agree, the five fights that will decide the final bill, and a title by title breakdown.
Status, as of July 10, 2026: The House has passed its farm bill. The Senate has released a discussion draft and has not yet voted on anything. Committee markup in the Senate is expected in mid-July 2026.
TL;DR: The House passed the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026 (H.R. 7567) on April 30, 2026 by a 224 to 200 vote. The Senate answered on June 23, 2026 with a roughly 900 page discussion draft, the Agricultural Act of 2026, branded Farm Bill 2.0. The two bills agree on farm loan limits and much of the safety net, and collide on SNAP, Proposition 12, E15, and Food for Peace. Nothing is law yet. The 2018 Farm Bill runs through September 30, 2026.
The two bills at a glance
| House bill | Senate draft | |
|---|---|---|
| Official name | Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026 | Agricultural Act of 2026 ("Farm Bill 2.0") |
| Bill number | H.R. 7567 | Discussion draft, no number yet |
| Status | Passed the House April 30, 2026, 224 to 200 | Released June 23, 2026 by Chairman John Boozman; markup expected mid-July |
| Length | Full bill text on Congress.gov | About 900 pages |
| Proposition 12 override | Included | Not included |
| Year-round E15 | Included | Not included |
| Pesticide labeling preemption | Included | Not included |
| Food for Peace moved to USDA | Included | Not included (adds child wasting to program purpose instead) |
| SNAP approach | Builds on the H.R. 1 framework | Builds on the H.R. 1 framework; does not reverse the cuts or the state cost share |
| FSA loan limits | Raised (see agreement section) | Raised to the same levels |
Where the bills agree (likely to survive conference)
Farm loan limits are identical in both bills. Both raise Farm Service Agency (FSA) limits to: guaranteed operating loans $3M, guaranteed farm ownership loans $3.5M, direct operating loans $750,000, direct farm ownership loans $850,000, microloans $100,000. Both also move the inflation benchmark for loan limits to an index of farmland values, and both create a path for distressed borrowers to refinance guaranteed loans into direct loans. When both chambers write the same numbers independently, those numbers are very likely to be in the final law. Details on the House side come from sections 5105, 5202, and 5203 of H.R. 7567 as analyzed in Congressional Research Service (CRS) Report R48918. For the full credit picture, see the USDA farm loans deep dive.
Beyond credit, both bills strengthen the crop insurance program, expand support for specialty crops, keep conservation voluntary and incentive based, and invest in trade promotion, rural broadband, and agricultural research. The fights below are real, but most of both bills points in the same direction.
The five fights that will decide the final bill
1. SNAP and the H.R. 1 cost shift
Both bills build on the changes Congress already made to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) in the H.R. 1 reconciliation law, which reduced funding and shifted part of program costs to states. Neither bill reverses that. All 11 Democrats on the Senate Agriculture Committee said they cannot support the draft as written for that reason, and their central ask is relief on the state cost share. Chairman Boozman has signaled he may be open to delaying when states take on those costs. This is the single biggest obstacle to a bill that can get 60 votes in the Senate.
2. Proposition 12
The House bill includes language overriding California's Proposition 12 and similar state animal confinement laws. The Senate draft leaves it out. Pork industry groups are pressing senators to add it; animal welfare groups are pressing them to keep it out. If it stays out of the Senate bill, this becomes a conference fight.
3. Year-round E15
The House bill authorizes year-round sales of E15 ethanol blends. The Senate draft does not. Corn and ethanol groups want it added, and Senate leadership has discussed taking up E15 separately during the summer work period.
4. Food for Peace
The House bill permanently moves administration of the Food for Peace international food aid program to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The Senate draft does not move the program; it adds combatting child wasting to the program's purpose. Senator Jerry Moran has said he will not support advancing the Senate bill unless the transfer is included.
5. Direct economic assistance
Neither bill settles the question of near-term economic help for producers facing weak crop prices and high input costs. A separate request for more than $11B in farm aid was made on June 24, 2026. Farm groups want economic assistance addressed in the farm bill itself, which puts pressure on both chambers during markup and conference.
Title by title: what the Senate draft proposes and where the House differs
Title I, Commodities. The Senate draft protects marketing loan access during appropriations lapses, makes the Dairy Forward Pricing Program permanent, expands livestock disaster programs (unweaned livestock under the Livestock Indemnity Program, feed and water hauling under ELAP), extends the Tree Assistance Program to biennial crops, and creates a specialty crop disaster framework using state block grants. The House bill also strengthens the commodity safety net; its reference price and program specifics are itemized in CRS R48918.
Title II, Conservation. The Senate draft keeps the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) at a 27 million acre cap, expands drought response across programs, creates a Forest Conservation Easement Program and a State Conservation Assistance Program, and strengthens easements. Reporting on the draft indicates its Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) funding runs about $2B below the levels Congress set in 2025, a likely point of contention.
Title III, Trade. Both bills raise export promotion funding. The Senate draft more than doubles the Market Access Program (MAP) and Foreign Market Development (FMD) baselines, defends common food names abroad, and reauthorizes McGovern-Dole. The Food for Peace difference is fight number 4 above.
Title IV, Nutrition. The Senate draft expands the Gus Schumacher Nutrition Incentive Program to all forms of fruits and vegetables, creates a Dairy Nutrition Incentive Program, strengthens Buy American rules, and allows contractors to help states with SNAP administration. It does not reverse the H.R. 1 SNAP changes. The House bill takes the same basic approach to the H.R. 1 framework.
Title V, Credit. The chambers agree. See the agreement section above. The House side adds detail the Senate summary does not spell out: the experience requirement for loans drops from 3 years to 2, a new expedited approval pilot for preferred lenders, and a 50 percent set-aside of direct operating loan funds for beginning farmers.
Title VI, Rural Development. The Senate draft codifies the ReConnect broadband program, requires new builds to deliver at least 100/20 Mbps, targets areas where 90 percent of residents lack service, and expands rural healthcare and childcare programs. The House bill reauthorizes more than 40 rural development programs through fiscal year 2031 with priority on behavioral, maternal, and mental health services.
Title VII, Research. The Senate draft adds mandatory funding for specialty crop mechanization research and supports 1890 land-grant institutions. The House bill also addresses 1890 institution funding and matching requirements.
Title VIII, Forestry. The Senate draft modernizes the Forest Inventory and Analysis program, addresses the Cottonwood decision, adds categorical exclusions for forest health projects, and updates Good Neighbor Authority.
Title IX, Energy. The Senate draft expands the BioPreferred program, clarifies sustainable aviation fuel eligibility in the Biorefinery Assistance Program, and simplifies Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) applications for small projects.
Title X, Horticulture. The Senate draft raises National Organic Program funding, expands the Office of Urban Agriculture, and establishes an Office of Biotechnology Policy at USDA. The House bill includes the pesticide labeling preemption the Senate omits, fight territory.
Title XI, Crop Insurance. The Senate draft adds a Specialty Crop Advisory Committee, puts a beginning farmer or rancher on the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation board, and directs research on covering organic crops, wine grapes with smoke exposure, and other specialty situations. Both chambers build on the crop insurance changes made in H.R. 1.
Title XII, Miscellaneous. The Senate draft funds animal disease traceability (Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza, New World Screwworm), creates an Office of Seafood at USDA, strengthens foreign farmland ownership disclosure under the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act with a public database and higher penalties, and requires a USDA Crop Inputs Economist to track fertilizer and seed costs.
What happens next
- Senate committee markup, expected in mid-July 2026. Amendments here will show whether a SNAP compromise exists.
- Senate floor. The bill effectively needs 60 votes, which means bipartisan support.
- Conference. The House and Senate bills differ materially and must be reconciled into one text.
- The deadline. The 2018 Farm Bill extension runs through September 30, 2026. Congress either finishes a new bill, passes another extension, or programs begin reverting.
Frequently asked questions
Is the 2026 farm bill law yet?
No. The House has passed its bill and the Senate has only released a discussion draft. Nothing has been signed.
What is the difference between Farm Bill 2.0 and H.R. 7567?
Farm Bill 2.0 is the branding for the Senate's Agricultural Act of 2026, released June 23, 2026. H.R. 7567 is the House bill, the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2026, which passed the House on April 30, 2026. They are two versions of the same farm bill that must be reconciled.
Do the bills cut SNAP?
Both bills build on the SNAP changes already made in the H.R. 1 reconciliation law rather than reversing them. The dispute in the Senate is over the H.R. 1 cuts and the shift of some costs to states, which the draft does not undo.
Does either bill block state laws like Proposition 12?
The House bill includes an override of Proposition 12 style state laws. The Senate draft does not.
When will the 2026 farm bill pass?
Unknown. Senate markup is expected in mid-July 2026, and the practical deadline is September 30, 2026, when the current extension ends. Passage by then is possible but not assured.
What happens if nothing passes by September 30, 2026?
Congress would likely pass another extension of the 2018 Farm Bill. Without any action, farm programs begin reverting to outdated permanent law.
Sources
- H.R. 7567 bill page and roll call (House Clerk Roll Call 154), Congress.gov
- Agricultural Act of 2026 discussion draft, title-by-title summary, section-by-section, and overview, Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry (agriculture.senate.gov)
- CRS Report R48918, The 2026 Farm Bill (H.R. 7567): Comparison with Current Law, June 11, 2026
- House Committee on Agriculture
- Congressional Budget Office
Last updated: July 10, 2026. Last reviewed: July 10, 2026. This page compares the House-passed bill with the Senate discussion draft as released June 23, 2026, and will be updated at each procedural step.