House vs Senate Farm Bill
Where the House-passed Farm Bill 2.0 stands and what to expect from the Senate. Areas of likely Senate amendment, key Senate champions and opponents, and the path to a conference committee.
Current status
The U.S. House passed the Farm Bill 2.0 on April 30, 2026 by 224–200. The Senate has NOT yet held a markup.
This page tracks what the House did vs. what the Senate is likely to do.
House-passed provisions
The House-passed bill includes:
- All 12 titles
- Title XII Prop 12 federal preemption language (would apply only if enacted)
- Hot rotisserie chicken SNAP eligibility added (Crawford amendment, Roll Call 145, 384–35)
- Section 12006 on livestock-derived products struck on the floor (Luna amendment, Roll Call 148, 280–142), note: this was not a pesticide-preemption strip, contrary to some reporting
- E15 separate vote pledge (not in bill itself)
- Most committee-marked provisions intact
Senate dynamics
Committee leadership
- Chair: Sen. John Boozman (R-AR)
- Ranking Member: Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)
Margins
The Senate Agriculture Committee has worked across the aisle historically, but the SNAP fight makes that harder. Neither party has the votes to pass a unilateral bill.
Key Senate dynamics
- SNAP fight reopens: Klobuchar will push to delay or reverse H.R. 1 cuts
- E15 standalone vote: Iowa, Nebraska Republicans won’t sign without it
- Prop 12 litigation pressure: California will sue if Title XII passes
- 2026 midterm calendar: every Senate floor vote is a campaign event
Where Senate is likely to amend
Title II, Conservation
Likely Senate changes:
- Pressure to restore some EQIP funding
- Possible expansion of FCEP funding
- Fights over socially disadvantaged farmer provisions
- Possible removal of southern border EQIP initiative
Title IV, Nutrition
Likely Senate changes:
- Klobuchar push to delay state cost-shifts
- Possible amendments to expand local food purchasing
- Possible amendments to expand nutrition incentives
- Reversing H.R. 1 SNAP cuts is unlikely (would require new reconciliation)
Title VI, Rural Development
Likely Senate changes:
- More specific maternal health funding earmarks
- Tribal broadband carve-outs
- Possible expansion of REAP to cooperative consortia
Title VIII, Forestry
Likely Senate changes:
- Pare back some NEPA categorical exclusions (Wyden D-OR, Bennet D-CO concerns)
- Possible Senate amendments increasing Forest Service staffing requirements
- Possible expansion of wildfire mitigation funding
Title IX, Energy
Likely Senate changes:
- E15 provisions added back if standalone vote fails
- Possibly remove farmland solar restrictions
Title X, Horticulture
Likely Senate changes:
- Add hemp THC product fix (industry lobbying intense)
- Expand organic enforcement
- Possible technical adjustments to remaining pesticide provisions
Title XII, Miscellaneous
Likely Senate changes:
- Possible carve-outs for specific livestock categories under Prop 12 preemption
- Possible Senate amendments increasing transparency on foreign farmland ownership
Key Senate champions and opponents
Champions
- Boozman (R-AR): Chair, will protect rice and chicken provisions
- Klobuchar (D-MN): Ranking Member, dairy and farm bankruptcy
- Tillis (R-NC): Heirs’ property relending
- Warnock (D-GA): Heirs’ property relending
- Bennet (D-CO): Conservation, public lands
- Hoeven (R-ND): Crop insurance
- Stabenow (D-MI): Specialty crops, conservation
Opponents
- Lee (R-UT): Federal land programs, environmental review
- Sanders (I-VT): SNAP cuts (would oppose H.R. 1 cuts being preserved)
- Booker (D-NJ): Animal welfare, Prop 12 preemption
Realistic timeline
- Late summer 2026: Senate Agriculture markup expected
- Fall 2026: Possible Senate floor consideration (highly uncertain)
- Late 2026: Possible conference committee
- Late 2026 / 2027: Possible final passage
If a bill clears both chambers, it goes to a conference committee to reconcile differences, then back to both chambers, then to the President.
Realistic range for Trump signature: late 2026 to mid-2027, or another extension.