Title XI Crop Insurance in Farm Bill 2.0: RMA, Subsidies, WFRP

TL;DR: Title XI of H.R. 7567 (Farm Bill 2.0) reauthorizes the federal crop insurance program run by USDA's Risk Management Agency (RMA). It continues the public-private delivery model through Approved Insurance Providers, addresses premium subsidies, Whole-Farm Revenue Protection, beginning-farmer benefits, and area-based options like ECO and SCO. Many specific dollar figures remain to be confirmed from enrolled bill text.

Key takeaway

Title XI keeps the crop insurance safety net intact while adjusting premium subsidies, Whole-Farm Revenue Protection, and area-based coverage, with several key dollar figures still to be confirmed.

What this section does

Title XI reauthorizes and modifies the federal crop insurance program administered by the Risk Management Agency (RMA) within the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). Crop insurance is one of the largest federal farm safety net expenditures, consistently ranking alongside commodity support programs in total outlays.

The title reauthorizes the Standard Reinsurance Agreement (SRA), the framework governing the financial relationship between USDA/RMA and private Approved Insurance Providers (AIPs). This continues the public-private delivery model established under the Federal Crop Insurance Act. You can see how this title fits the larger package in the full bill summary.

Title XI also addresses premium subsidy rates for producers. Under the 2018 Farm Bill, the average producer-paid premium share was roughly 38 percent of total premium, with the federal government covering the remainder. Whether the 2026 bill alters those subsidy percentages is to be confirmed from enrolled bill text.

Other provisions cover the Whole-Farm Revenue Protection (WFRP) plan, which insures all commodities on a farm under a single policy; beginning-farmer benefits; catastrophic (CAT) coverage; and the area-based Supplemental Coverage Option (SCO) and Enhanced Coverage Option (ECO). The title also directs RMA to continue developing new products for underserved commodities such as specialty crops, aquaculture, and livestock.

What it means

Title XI directly shapes the risk management costs and decisions of nearly every producer who buys federally subsidized coverage. The impact varies by operation type.

• Commodity crop producers (corn, soybeans, wheat, cotton) are the primary users of subsidized crop insurance. Any changes to premium subsidies or coverage options affect their out-of-pocket costs and coverage choices.
• Diversified, organic, and beginning farmers are the target audience for WFRP and enhanced beginning-farmer subsidies. Beginning farmers historically receive a 10-percentage-point premium subsidy benefit above standard rates under the Federal Crop Insurance Act. Whether that benefit is expanded, maintained, or modified is to be confirmed.
• Approved Insurance Providers and their agents are affected by SRA rulemaking, reimbursement rates, and underwriting gain provisions, which determine private-sector profitability and competition.
• Specialty crop and livestock producers face coverage availability questions as RMA continues developing new products for commodities historically excluded from the program.

A recurring structural issue is the interaction between Title XI and Title I commodity programs. ECO and SCO carry eligibility constraints tied to ARC-CO (Agriculture Risk Coverage, county option) enrollment, so producers may have to weigh one safety net against the other. For a side-by-side comparison of these changes, see what's new vs the 2018 Farm Bill, and review the spending context in the funding breakdown.

What's next

As of June 2026, several implementation details remain open and will be settled through bill text, conference negotiations, and later USDA rulemaking. Forward-looking outcomes below are expected, not final.

Any changes to premium subsidy rates or caps will require updated SRA negotiations between USDA and AIPs. As of June 2026, the timeline for new SRA implementation is to be confirmed. WFRP simplification faces actuarial challenges, since broader eligibility or looser underwriting can raise loss ratios and pressure the federal reinsurance backstop.

Pasture, Rangeland, and Forage (PRF) program integrity reforms may face producer pushback in rangeland states where the product has become a primary risk tool. Congressional Budget Office (CBO) scoring of any premium subsidy changes will be central to conference negotiations, and no publicly confirmed CBO estimate for Title XI is available as of June 2026. Track movement through Congress on the timeline and status page and the Senate status page.

Frequently asked questions

How much of my crop insurance premium does the federal government pay under the new bill?

Under the 2018 Farm Bill, the federal government covered roughly 62 percent of total premium, leaving producers paying about 38 percent on average. Whether H.R. 7567 changes those subsidy percentages or adds caps targeting very large operations is to be confirmed from enrolled bill text. Your actual share depends on your coverage level and policy type.

Does the 2026 Farm Bill make it easier to enroll in Whole-Farm Revenue Protection?

The bill includes provisions related to Whole-Farm Revenue Protection (WFRP), which covers all commodities on a farm under one policy and is aimed at diversified and organic operations. The 2026 bill is reported to modify WFRP administrative and underwriting complexity that critics say has suppressed participation. Specific changes are to be confirmed, and simplification raises actuarial concerns about loss ratios.

Can I use ECO or SCO if I am already enrolled in ARC-CO?

The Enhanced Coverage Option (ECO) and Supplemental Coverage Option (SCO) are area-based plans that pay when county-level losses occur. Interaction with the ARC-CO commodity program remains a structural eligibility constraint, meaning your Title I choice can limit your Title XI options. USDA rulemaking will govern how these incentives align under the new bill.

Does my beginning-farmer premium discount change under this bill?

Beginning farmers and ranchers historically receive a 10-percentage-point premium subsidy benefit above standard rates under the Federal Crop Insurance Act. The 2026 bill addresses beginning-farmer coverage, but whether that benefit is expanded, maintained, or modified is to be confirmed from the bill text.

How does crop insurance connect to conservation compliance requirements?

Conservation compliance linkage requires producers to maintain Highly Erodible Land and Wetland Conservation compliance to receive premium subsidies. This linkage was established in the 2014 Farm Bill and continued in 2018. The 2026 bill's treatment of this linkage is to be confirmed.

Will my Pasture, Rangeland, and Forage policy change under the new bill?

The 2026 bill addresses Pasture, Rangeland, and Forage (PRF) program integrity concerns that emerged after significant loss experience in recent years. PRF uses Rainfall and Vegetation Index products introduced in the 2018 bill. Integrity reforms may face pushback in rangeland states where PRF has become a primary risk management tool. Specific reforms are to be confirmed.